What can significantly affect the range in a box plot?

The range in a box plot is defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum values in the dataset. Outliers, which are values that lie significantly outside the range of the other data points, can greatly affect the range because they can alter the maximum and/or minimum values. If an outlier is present that is much larger than the other values, it increases the maximum, and conversely, if there is an outlier that is much smaller, it decreases the minimum. This leads to a larger range.

In contrast, while factors like sample size, missing values, and the frequency of occurrences can influence the data representation and interpretation, they do not directly affect the calculation of the range as defined by the highest and lowest values. Therefore, outliers are crucial in determining the range because they can create misleading interpretations of the spread of the majority of the data if they are not taken into account.