What does A ∩ B represent in set notation?

In set notation, A ∩ B represents the intersection of sets A and B. This specifically refers to all the elements that are common to both set A and set B. When you are looking for A ∩ B, you are identifying those elements that exist in both sets simultaneously.

For example, if set A consists of the numbers {1, 2, 3, 4} and set B consists of the numbers {3, 4, 5, 6}, then A ∩ B would include the numbers {3, 4}, as these are the shared elements.

This concept is fundamental in set theory and helps in understanding how different sets relate to each other based on shared or overlapping members. Recognizing the intersection is essential in various applications, including probability, logic, and data analysis, where understanding the overlap of datasets may be crucial.

The other choices do not accurately describe the intersection. One describes the union of the sets, another refers to the complement of a set, and the last one speaks to the overall size of two sets rather than their common elements.