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Multiples of a number are defined as the result of multiplying that number by an integer. This means that if you take a number and multiply it by 1, 2, 3, and so on, the results are the multiples of that number. For example, the multiples of 3 would be 3, 6, 9, 12, etc., which correspond to 3 × 1, 3 × 2, 3 × 3, 3 × 4, and so forth.
The choice correctly identifies this concept by referring to the times table of a number, which explicitly lists the multiples. Understanding multiples is foundational in number theory as it relates to various mathematical concepts, including factors, least common multiples, and prime factorization. This understanding allows for better problem-solving strategies in mathematics related to operations involving integers.