Which of the following best defines quantitative data?

Quantitative data refers to information that can be quantified and expressed numerically. This type of data allows for mathematical calculations, statistical analysis, and is usually collected through measuring instruments or through structured surveys. The focus is on numerical values that represent physical quantities or amounts, such as height, weight, temperature, or test scores.

In contrast, options involving words would suggest qualitative data, which is descriptive and cannot be measured numerically. Visual representations, such as charts or graphs, are methods of presenting data but do not define what quantitative data is. Subjective data focuses on personal opinions, interpretations, and experiences instead of measurable quantities, which again steers away from the essence of quantitative data. Therefore, the definition that positions quantitative data as measurements of quantities using numbers captures its fundamental characteristics accurately.